Effect of the Type and Number of Prostaglandin Treatments on Corpus Luteum, the Largest Follicle and Progesterone Concentration in Dairy Cows     

A Répási  JF Beckers  J Sulon  A Karen  J Reiczigel  O Szenci 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2005,40(5):436-442

Lactating dairy cows (n = 72) with a mature corpus luteum (CL) (diameter of > or = 17 mm) determined by ultrasonography and having a follicle with a diameter of > or = 10 mm were randomly assigned to four groups. Cows were treated with cloprostenol i.m. once or twice, or with dinoprost i.m. once or twice with an 8-h interval. The ovaries of each cow were scanned daily by transrectal ultrasonography to measure the changes in the areas of CL and the largest follicle and to determine the occurrence of ovulation. Oestrus was verified twice daily. In addition, blood sample was withdrawn from each cow daily for measuring progesterone (P4) concentrations. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to areas of CL and P4 concentrations or increases in the percentage changes in the area of the largest follicle on day 0 were detected in each group during the experiment. However, the type of the drug and the number of the treatments had no significant effect on those parameters. Cows ovulated with or without showing oestrus (group A) and cows exhibiting no oestrus and ovulation (group B) were also evaluated. In contrast to the mean area of the CL and the mean concentration of P4 on day 0, the mean area of the largest follicles between the two groups on day 0 differed significantly. Significant decreases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the CL and P4 concentration or increases in the percentage changes relative to the area of the largest follicle during the experiment were detected in both groups; however, there were no group differences. Treatment of dairy cows with two injections of prostaglandins (cloprostenol or dinoprost) at an 8-h interval resulted in more cows being observed in oestrus within 5 days after treatment and having significantly higher pregnancy rate than those treated with a single prostaglandin injection.  相似文献   

Introduction to veterinary physical rehabilitation.     

David Levine  Darryl L Millis  Denis J Marcellin-Little 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1247-54, vii

Physical therapy is a profession with an established scientific basis in human beings and companion animals. It has a large number of clinical applications in the restoration, maintenance, and promotion of optimal physical function. In providing physical therapy, the goal is to restore, maintain, and promote optimal function, optimal fitness, wellness, and quality of life as they relate to movement disorders and health. A major emphasis is to prevent or minimize the onset, clinical signs, and progression of impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities that may result from diseases, disorders, conditions, and injuries.  相似文献   

Physical agent modalities.     

Janet E Steiss  David Levine 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1317-33, viii

The purpose of this article is to review the use of cold, heat, therapeutic ultrasound, and electrical stimulation in small animal rehabilitation.The material in this article is a compilation from the veterinary and hu-man literature. Additional information is needed on how to adapt the techniques used in human beings to small animals and then to establish the efficacy of these techniques in animals.  相似文献   

Rehabilitation and conditioning of sporting dogs.     

Denis J Marcellin-Little  David Levine  Robert Taylor 《Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice》2005,35(6):1427-39, ix

Owners and trainers exercise sporting dogs to increase their fitness and optimize their conditioning and performance. Training is designed to in-crease strength, endurance, and agility and is sport-specific. Sporting dogs are susceptible to specific musculoskeletal injuries. The rehabilitation of sporting dogs after these injuries follows specific principles during the acute, subacute, and reconditioning periods.  相似文献   

Observational learning and social facilitation in the rat     

Zentall TR  Levine JM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1972,178(4066):1220-1221

Learning by rats was facilitated when response-relevant cues were provided by other rats; learning increased as a function of number of cues provided. These results suggest that rats can learn by imitation. Learning by rats that observed conspecifics not emitting response-relevant cues was retarded compared to learning by rats that did not observe conspecifics. This indicates that a conspecific's presence can also inhibit learning, a result consistent with social facilitation theory.  相似文献   

In vitro blastogenic responses of peripheral lymphocytes from marmosets to phytohemagglutinin and to autologous lymphocytes transformed by Epstein-Barr virus     

S K Sundar  P K Lai  Z H Bengall  J L Cicmanec  K Goldstein  P H Levine 《Comparative immunology, microbiology and infectious diseases》1981,4(1):35-45

White-lipped marmosets were evaluated for their cell mediated immune (CMI) response to EBV to determine the feasibility of CMI studies in marmoset models for EBV oncogenesis. The mitogen, cell concentrations, the length of incubation period and serum requirements were defined for in vitro lymphocyte stimulation tests. The level of response of each animal was dependent on the concentration of phytohemagglutinin-P (PHA-P) and was independent of cell densities employed. The rate of tritiated-thymidine incorporation by mononuclear cells due to PHA-P increased exponentially between 2–4 days. This test was reproducible for a given batch of PHA-P when the cells were cultured in the presence of 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum. The five white-lipped marmosets were seronegative for EBV antigens and did not show lymphocyte stimulation with EBV particles and EBV soluble antigen, but two of these animals exhibited significant stimulation with autologous lymphocytes transformed in vitro by B95-8 virus. Despite the limited amount of blood (3–4 ml) that could be obtained from each animal in a single bleeding, it was possible to perform multiple lymphocyte stimulation assays with the protocol used.  相似文献   

Effect of administration of a phospholipid emulsion on the initial response of horses administered endotoxin     

Winchell WW  Hardy J  Levine DM  Parker TS  Gordon BR  Saal SD 《American journal of veterinary research》2002,63(10):1370-1378

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of a phospholipid emulsion (PLE) on the initial response of horses to administration of endotoxin. ANIMALS: 12 healthy adult horses. PROCEDURES: Horses were assigned to 2 treatment groups (6 horses/group). The control group was administered 1 L of saline (0.9% NaCl) solution, and the treated group was administered PLE (200 mg/kg, IV); treatments were administered during a period of 120 minutes. An infusion of endotoxin was initiated in both groups starting 1 hour after initiation of the saline or PLE solutions. Physical examination and hemodynamic variables were recorded, and blood samples were analyzed for concentrations of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, interleukin-6, thromboxane B2 (TxB2), 6 keto-prostaglandin F (PGF)1alpha, total leukocyte count, and PLE concentrations. An ANOVA was used to detect significant differences. RESULTS: Administration of PLE resulted in significantly lower rectal temperature, heart rate, cardiac output, right atrial pressure, and pulmonary artery pressure and higher total leukocyte counts in treated horses, compared with values for control horses. The TNF-alpha concentration was significantly less in treated horses than in control horses. The TxB2 and 6 keto-PGFF1alpha concentrations were significantly different between treated and control horses at 30 minutes (TxB2) and at 30 and 60 minutes (6 keto-PGF1alpha). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Prior infusion of PLE in horses administered a low dose of endotoxin decreased rectal temperature, heart rate, pulmonary artery pressure, and TNF-alpha concentrations. Results of this study support further evaluation of PLE for use in the treatment of horses with endotoxemia.  相似文献   

Echocardiographic evaluation of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus).     

Mark Sklansky  Gregg Levine  Dielle Havlis  Nicole West  Michael Renner  Curtis Rimmerman  Rae Stone 《Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine》2006,37(4):454-463

Safe and effective echocardiography would represent a valuable tool for marine mammal veterinarians and physiologists evaluating the dolphin heart. Unfortunately, conventional ultrasound technology (transthoracic echocardiography) has been limited by logistic, anatomic, and behavioral challenges. Five mature male Atlantic bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) were trained for echocardiographic imaging (four for both transthoracic and transesophageal imaging, and one for only transthoracic imaging). It was noted that transesophageal image quality transiently improved when the dolphins spontaneously exhaled. Subsequently, dolphins were conditioned to hold their breath following forced exhalation, and imaging proceeded during such behavioral breath holds. Over 25 transthoracic and 100 transesophageal echocardiographic studies were performed, including both two-dimensional imaging and color flow mapping. Transthoracic imaging yielded poor-quality images of only small portions of the heart. In contrast, transesophageal imaging, which improved dramatically with behavioral breath holding following exhalation, yielded consistently high-quality images of the entire heart (mitral, tricuspid, aortic, and pulmonary valves, atrial and ventricular septa, left and right atria, left and right ventricles, and ascending aorta and main pulmonary artery). Color flow mapping demonstrated mild tricuspid regurgitation in all dolphins, and mild aortic regurgitation in one dolphin found to have a pedunculated mass arising from the sinutubular junction just above the aortic valve. There were no complications in nonsedated dolphins. The heart of the bottlenose dolphin can be safely, effectively, and reproducibly evaluated with the use of transesophageal echocardiography in conjunction with behavioral breath holding following forced exhalation. This approach, and the normative echocardiographic data generated from this work, lays the foundation for future echocardiographic studies of cetaceans.  相似文献   

In Vitro Fertilization and Development of OPU Derived Goat and Sheep Oocytes     

JF Cox  V Alfaro 《Reproduction in domestic animals》2007,42(1):83-87

The recent upgrade in IVP technology seen in cattle can be adapted to embryo production in small ruminants to overcome limitations exhibited by surgical procedures on preserving the reproductive potential of donors and the efficiency of embryo production. The aim of the present study was to assess the current procedures used in cattle for the production of IVP embryos in goats and sheep based on laparoscopic-aided ovum pick-up (LOPU) supplied oocytes. Sexually matured goat and sheep donors were treated during the breeding season with FSH and subjected to laparoscopic-guided follicular puncture under general anaesthesia. The collected cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in medium 199 and fertilized by frozen-thawed spermatozoa using Talp medium supplemented with heparin and oestrus-sheep serum. Cleaved ova were either cultured in sheep in vitro fertilization medium plus amino acids or transferred to sheep oviducts. Blastocyst rate, hatching rate and development rate up to term were used as markers of embryo function. The results obtained for goat and sheep involving 30 and 35 donors respectively (10 and 9 LOPU sessions) were 81.2% and 85.2% of oocyte collection rate; 88.3% and 98.6% oocyte incubation rate; 85.6% and 76.0% fertilization rate; 82.4% and 93.4% of cleavage rate; 50.0% and 61.5% IVP blastocyst rate; 42.1% and 45.5% blastocyst rate in oviducts; 73.0% and 66.7% embryo survival up to term, respectively. The results are comparable to those obtained in small ruminants and in bovines suggesting that requirements for embryo production and development are similar.  相似文献   

Soil saturation effects on forest dynamics: scaling across a southern boreal/northern hardwood landscape   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Weishampel  John F.  Knox  Robert G.  Levine  Elissa R. 《Landscape Ecology》1999,14(2):121-135

Patch modeling can be used to scale-up processes to portray landscape-level dynamics. Via direct extrapolation, a heterogeneous landscape is divided into its constituent patches; dynamics are simulated on each representative patch and are weighted and aggregated to formulate the higher level response. Further extrapolation may be attained by coarsening the resolution of or lumping environmental data (e.g., climatic, edaphic, hydrologic, topographic) used to delimit a patch.Forest patterns at the southern boreal/northern hardwood transition zone are often defined by soil heterogeneity, determined primarily by the extent and duration of soil saturation. To determine how landscape-level dynamics predicted from direct extrapolation compare when coarsening soil parameters, we simulated forest dynamics for soil series representing a range of drainage classes from east- central Maine. Responses were aggregated according to the distribution of soil associations comprising a 600 ha area based on local- (1:12,000), county- (1:120,000) and state- (1:250,000) scale soil maps. At the patch level, simulated aboveground biomass accumulated more slowly in poorer draining soils. Different soil series yielded different communities comprised of species with various tolerances for soil saturation. When aggregated, removal of waterlogging caused a 20–60% increase in biomass accumulation during the first 50 years of simulation. However, this early successional increase and the maximum level of biomass accumulation over a 200 year period varied by as much as 40% depending on the geospatial data. This marked discrepancy suggests caution when extrapolating with forest patch models by coarsening parameters and demonstrates how rules used to rescale environmental data need to be evaluated for consistency.  相似文献